The brain is the command center of the body. It controls our movement, stores memories, and regulates essential functions like breathing, heartbeat, and digestion. A stroke, sometimes called a brain attack, occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts. To work properly, our brain needs oxygen. Arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the brain. If something happens to block the flow of blood, brain cells start to die within minutes, because they can’t get oxygen. This damage can lead to serious disability or even death.
There are two main types of strokes: Ischemic and Hemorrhagic.
Some individuals can experience a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), also known as a “mini-stroke”. This is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. While the symptoms are similar to a stroke, they typically last a short time, with symptoms resolving within minutes or hours. TIAs are a crucial warning sign, as they significantly increase the risk of a future stroke.
Common causes and risk factors of stroke include high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, heart conditions like atrial fibrillation, and lack of physical activity. Treatment depends on the type of stroke but may involve clot-busting medications, surgery, or long-term rehabilitation.
Stroke recovery often includes physical, occupational, or speech therapy, and many patients take medications to prevent future strokes. Learning the warning signs and managing risk factors is key to prevention and early intervention.
Learn more about the signs and symptoms of stroke.
Learn about the health conditions and lifestyle habits that can increase your risk for stroke.
Questions Answered:
What is a stroke?
A stroke occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. Brain cells begin to die within minutes, making stroke a medical emergency.
What are the two types of stroke?
The two main types are ischemic stroke (caused by a blocked blood vessel) and hemorrhagic stroke (caused by a burst blood vessel). A transient ischemic attack (TIA), also known as a mini-stroke, is a temporary blockage and a warning sign of future strokes.
What causes a stroke?
Common causes include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, heart disease (especially atrial fibrillation), and sedentary lifestyle. For more information on the causes of stroke, check out: Risk Factors for Stroke.
What are the signs and symptoms?
Sudden numbness or weakness (especially on one side), confusion, trouble speaking, difficulty seeing, loss of balance, or a severe headache. For a full list of symptoms, check out: Signs and Symptoms of Stroke.
What therapies and medications are available?
Treatment depends on the type of stroke. For ischemic strokes, clot-busting drugs like tPA can restore blood flow if given early. Rehabilitation often includes physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. Long-term medications may include blood thinners, statins, or blood pressure medications. To learn more about treatment and intervention for Stroke, check out: Treatment and Intervention for Stroke.
What resources can I use to learn more?
We’ll link to the American Stroke Association, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other trusted medical sites for detailed stroke education and recovery support.